diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index de45a35aa..badb47e87 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -163,7 +163,6 @@ jobs:
   locales_frontend:
     name: Locales - Frontend
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build_test_frontend]
     steps:
       ##########################################################################
       # CHECKOUT CODE ##########################################################
@@ -171,20 +170,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
       ##########################################################################
-      # DOWNLOAD DOCKER IMAGE ##################################################
-      ##########################################################################
-      - name: Download Docker Image (Frontend)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: docker-frontend-test
-          path: /tmp
-      - name: Load Docker Image
-        run: docker load < /tmp/frontend.tar
-      ##########################################################################
       # LOCALES FRONTEND #######################################################
       ##########################################################################
       - name: Frontend | Locales
-        run: docker run --rm gradido/frontend:test yarn run locales
+        run: cd frontend && yarn && yarn run locales
 
   ##############################################################################
   # JOB: LINT FRONTEND #########################################################
@@ -192,7 +181,6 @@ jobs:
   lint_frontend:
     name: Lint - Frontend
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build_test_frontend]
     steps:
       ##########################################################################
       # CHECKOUT CODE ##########################################################
@@ -200,20 +188,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
       ##########################################################################
-      # DOWNLOAD DOCKER IMAGE ##################################################
-      ##########################################################################
-      - name: Download Docker Image (Frontend)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: docker-frontend-test
-          path: /tmp
-      - name: Load Docker Image
-        run: docker load < /tmp/frontend.tar
-      ##########################################################################
       # LINT FRONTEND ##########################################################
       ##########################################################################
       - name: Frontend | Lint
-        run: docker run --rm gradido/frontend:test yarn run lint
+        run: cd frontend && yarn && yarn run lint
 
   ##############################################################################
   # JOB: STYLELINT FRONTEND ####################################################
@@ -221,7 +199,6 @@ jobs:
   stylelint_frontend:
     name: Stylelint - Frontend
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build_test_frontend]
     steps:
       ##########################################################################
       # CHECKOUT CODE ##########################################################
@@ -229,20 +206,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
       ##########################################################################
-      # DOWNLOAD DOCKER IMAGE ##################################################
-      ##########################################################################
-      - name: Download Docker Image (Frontend)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: docker-frontend-test
-          path: /tmp
-      - name: Load Docker Image
-        run: docker load < /tmp/frontend.tar
-      ##########################################################################
       # STYLELINT FRONTEND #####################################################
       ##########################################################################
       - name: Frontend | Stylelint
-        run: docker run --rm gradido/frontend:test yarn run stylelint
+        run: cd frontend && yarn && yarn run stylelint
 
   ##############################################################################
   # JOB: LINT ADMIN INTERFACE ##################################################
@@ -250,7 +217,6 @@ jobs:
   lint_admin:
     name: Lint - Admin Interface
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build_test_admin]
     steps:
       ##########################################################################
       # CHECKOUT CODE ##########################################################
@@ -258,20 +224,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
       ##########################################################################
-      # DOWNLOAD DOCKER IMAGE ##################################################
-      ##########################################################################
-      - name: Download Docker Image (Admin Interface)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: docker-admin-test
-          path: /tmp
-      - name: Load Docker Image
-        run: docker load < /tmp/admin.tar
-      ##########################################################################
       # LINT ADMIN INTERFACE ###################################################
       ##########################################################################
       - name: Admin Interface | Lint
-        run: docker run --rm gradido/admin:test yarn run lint
+        run: cd admin && yarn && yarn run lint
 
   ##############################################################################
   # JOB: STYLELINT ADMIN INTERFACE #############################################
@@ -279,7 +235,6 @@ jobs:
   stylelint_admin:
     name: Stylelint - Admin Interface
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build_test_admin]
     steps:
       ##########################################################################
       # CHECKOUT CODE ##########################################################
@@ -287,20 +242,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
       ##########################################################################
-      # DOWNLOAD DOCKER IMAGE ##################################################
-      ##########################################################################
-      - name: Download Docker Image (Admin Interface)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: docker-admin-test
-          path: /tmp
-      - name: Load Docker Image
-        run: docker load < /tmp/admin.tar
-      ##########################################################################
       # STYLELINT ADMIN INTERFACE ##############################################
       ##########################################################################
       - name: Admin Interface | Stylelint
-        run: docker run --rm gradido/admin:test yarn run stylelint
+        run: cd admin && yarn && yarn run stylelint
 
   ##############################################################################
   # JOB: LOCALES ADMIN #########################################################
@@ -308,7 +253,6 @@ jobs:
   locales_admin:
     name: Locales - Admin Interface
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build_test_admin]
     steps:
       ##########################################################################
       # CHECKOUT CODE ##########################################################
@@ -316,20 +260,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
       ##########################################################################
-      # DOWNLOAD DOCKER IMAGE ##################################################
-      ##########################################################################
-      - name: Download Docker Image (Admin Interface)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: docker-admin-test
-          path: /tmp
-      - name: Load Docker Image
-        run: docker load < /tmp/admin.tar
-      ##########################################################################
       # LOCALES FRONTEND #######################################################
       ##########################################################################
-      - name: admin | Locales
-        run: docker run --rm gradido/admin:test yarn run locales
+      - name: Admin | Locales
+        run: cd admin && yarn && yarn run locales
 
   ##############################################################################
   # JOB: LINT BACKEND ##########################################################
@@ -337,7 +271,6 @@ jobs:
   lint_backend:
     name: Lint - Backend
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build_test_backend]
     steps:
       ##########################################################################
       # CHECKOUT CODE ##########################################################
@@ -345,20 +278,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
       ##########################################################################
-      # DOWNLOAD DOCKER IMAGE ##################################################
-      ##########################################################################
-      - name: Download Docker Image (Backend)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: docker-backend-test
-          path: /tmp
-      - name: Load Docker Image
-        run: docker load < /tmp/backend.tar
-      ##########################################################################
       # LINT BACKEND ###########################################################
       ##########################################################################
       - name: backend | Lint
-        run: docker run --rm gradido/backend:test yarn run lint
+        run: cd backend && yarn && yarn run lint
 
   ##############################################################################
   # JOB: LOCALES BACKEND #######################################################
@@ -366,7 +289,6 @@ jobs:
   locales_backend:
     name: Locales - Backend
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build_test_backend]
     steps:
       ##########################################################################
       # CHECKOUT CODE ##########################################################
@@ -385,7 +307,6 @@ jobs:
   lint_database_up:
     name: Lint - Database Up
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build_test_database_up]
     steps:
       ##########################################################################
       # CHECKOUT CODE ##########################################################
@@ -393,20 +314,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
       ##########################################################################
-      # DOWNLOAD DOCKER IMAGE ##################################################
-      ##########################################################################
-      - name: Download Docker Image (Backend)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: docker-database-test_up
-          path: /tmp
-      - name: Load Docker Image
-        run: docker load < /tmp/database_up.tar
-      ##########################################################################
       # LINT DATABASE ##########################################################
       ##########################################################################
-      - name: database | Lint
-        run: docker run --rm gradido/database:test_up yarn run lint
+      - name: Database | Lint
+        run: cd database && yarn && yarn run lint
 
   ##############################################################################
   # JOB: UNIT TEST FRONTEND  ###################################################
@@ -414,7 +325,6 @@ jobs:
   unit_test_frontend:
     name: Unit tests - Frontend
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build_test_frontend]
     steps:
       ##########################################################################
       # CHECKOUT CODE ##########################################################
@@ -422,30 +332,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
       ##########################################################################
-      # DOWNLOAD DOCKER IMAGES #################################################
-      ##########################################################################
-      - name: Download Docker Image (Frontend)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: docker-frontend-test
-          path: /tmp
-      - name: Load Docker Image
-        run: docker load < /tmp/frontend.tar
-      ##########################################################################
       # UNIT TESTS FRONTEND ####################################################
       ##########################################################################
-      - name: frontend | Unit tests
+      - name: Frontend | Unit tests
         run: |
-          docker run --env NODE_ENV=test -v ~/coverage:/app/coverage --rm gradido/frontend:test yarn run test
-          cp -r ~/coverage ./coverage
-      ##########################################################################
-      # COVERAGE REPORT FRONTEND ###############################################
-      ##########################################################################
-      #- name: frontend | Coverage report
-      #  uses: romeovs/lcov-reporter-action@v0.2.21
-      #  with:
-      #    github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      #    lcov-file: ./coverage/lcov.info
+          cd frontend && yarn && yarn run test
+          cp -r ./coverage ../
       ##########################################################################
       # COVERAGE CHECK FRONTEND ################################################
       ##########################################################################
@@ -454,7 +346,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           report_name: Coverage Frontend
           type: lcov
-          result_path: ./coverage/lcov.info
+          result_path: ./frontend/coverage/lcov.info
           min_coverage: 95
           token: ${{ github.token }}
   
@@ -464,7 +356,6 @@ jobs:
   unit_test_admin:
     name: Unit tests - Admin Interface
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build_test_admin]
     steps:
       ##########################################################################
       # CHECKOUT CODE ##########################################################
@@ -472,22 +363,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
       ##########################################################################
-      # DOWNLOAD DOCKER IMAGES #################################################
-      ##########################################################################
-      - name: Download Docker Image (Admin Interface)
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          name: docker-admin-test
-          path: /tmp
-      - name: Load Docker Image
-        run: docker load < /tmp/admin.tar
-      ##########################################################################
       # UNIT TESTS ADMIN INTERFACE #############################################
       ##########################################################################
       - name: Admin Interface | Unit tests
         run: |
-          docker run -v ~/coverage:/app/coverage --rm gradido/admin:test yarn run test
-          cp -r ~/coverage ./coverage
+          cd admin && yarn && yarn run test
+          cp -r ./coverage ../
       ##########################################################################
       # COVERAGE CHECK ADMIN INTERFACE #########################################
       ##########################################################################
@@ -496,7 +377,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           report_name: Coverage Admin Interface
           type: lcov
-          result_path: ./coverage/lcov.info
+          result_path: ./admin/coverage/lcov.info
           min_coverage: 97
           token: ${{ github.token }}
 
@@ -534,8 +415,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: backend | docker-compose database
         run: docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose.test.yml up --detach --no-deps database
       - name: backend Unit tests | test
-        run: cd database && yarn && yarn build && cd ../backend && yarn && yarn test
-        # run: docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose.test.yml exec -T backend yarn test
+        run: |
+          cd database && yarn && yarn build && cd ../backend && yarn && yarn test
+          cp -r ./coverage ../
       ##########################################################################
       # COVERAGE CHECK BACKEND #################################################
       ##########################################################################
diff --git a/backend/src/auth/JWT.ts b/backend/src/auth/JWT.ts
index 8399c881b..3f9c052f5 100644
--- a/backend/src/auth/JWT.ts
+++ b/backend/src/auth/JWT.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken'
 import CONFIG from '@/config/'
 import { CustomJwtPayload } from './CustomJwtPayload'
+import LogError from '@/server/LogError'
 
 export const decode = (token: string): CustomJwtPayload | null => {
-  if (!token) throw new Error('401 Unauthorized')
+  if (!token) throw new LogError('401 Unauthorized')
   try {
     return <CustomJwtPayload>jwt.verify(token, CONFIG.JWT_SECRET)
   } catch (err) {
diff --git a/backend/src/graphql/directive/isAuthorized.ts b/backend/src/graphql/directive/isAuthorized.ts
index 2843225ae..59daa89f1 100644
--- a/backend/src/graphql/directive/isAuthorized.ts
+++ b/backend/src/graphql/directive/isAuthorized.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { ROLE_UNAUTHORIZED, ROLE_USER, ROLE_ADMIN } from '@/auth/ROLES'
 import { RIGHTS } from '@/auth/RIGHTS'
 import { INALIENABLE_RIGHTS } from '@/auth/INALIENABLE_RIGHTS'
 import { User } from '@entity/User'
+import LogError from '@/server/LogError'
 
 const isAuthorized: AuthChecker<any> = async ({ context }, rights) => {
   context.role = ROLE_UNAUTHORIZED // unauthorized user
@@ -17,13 +18,13 @@ const isAuthorized: AuthChecker<any> = async ({ context }, rights) => {
 
   // Do we have a token?
   if (!context.token) {
-    throw new Error('401 Unauthorized')
+    throw new LogError('401 Unauthorized')
   }
 
   // Decode the token
   const decoded = decode(context.token)
   if (!decoded) {
-    throw new Error('403.13 - Client certificate revoked')
+    throw new LogError('403.13 - Client certificate revoked')
   }
   // Set context gradidoID
   context.gradidoID = decoded.gradidoID
@@ -39,13 +40,13 @@ const isAuthorized: AuthChecker<any> = async ({ context }, rights) => {
     context.role = user.isAdmin ? ROLE_ADMIN : ROLE_USER
   } catch {
     // in case the database query fails (user deleted)
-    throw new Error('401 Unauthorized')
+    throw new LogError('401 Unauthorized')
   }
 
   // check for correct rights
   const missingRights = (<RIGHTS[]>rights).filter((right) => !context.role.hasRight(right))
   if (missingRights.length !== 0) {
-    throw new Error('401 Unauthorized')
+    throw new LogError('401 Unauthorized')
   }
 
   // set new header token
diff --git a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/ContributionLinkResolver.test.ts b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/ContributionLinkResolver.test.ts
index 49bca2c42..62f273829 100644
--- a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/ContributionLinkResolver.test.ts
+++ b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/ContributionLinkResolver.test.ts
@@ -257,17 +257,13 @@ describe('Contribution Links', () => {
             }),
           ).resolves.toEqual(
             expect.objectContaining({
-              errors: [
-                new GraphQLError('Start-Date is not initialized. A Start-Date must be set!'),
-              ],
+              errors: [new GraphQLError('A Start-Date must be set')],
             }),
           )
         })
 
         it('logs the error thrown', () => {
-          expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-            'Start-Date is not initialized. A Start-Date must be set!',
-          )
+          expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('A Start-Date must be set')
         })
 
         it('returns an error if missing endDate', async () => {
@@ -282,15 +278,13 @@ describe('Contribution Links', () => {
             }),
           ).resolves.toEqual(
             expect.objectContaining({
-              errors: [new GraphQLError('End-Date is not initialized. An End-Date must be set!')],
+              errors: [new GraphQLError('An End-Date must be set')],
             }),
           )
         })
 
         it('logs the error thrown', () => {
-          expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-            'End-Date is not initialized. An End-Date must be set!',
-          )
+          expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('An End-Date must be set')
         })
 
         it('returns an error if endDate is before startDate', async () => {
@@ -307,7 +301,7 @@ describe('Contribution Links', () => {
           ).resolves.toEqual(
             expect.objectContaining({
               errors: [
-                new GraphQLError(`The value of validFrom must before or equals the validTo!`),
+                new GraphQLError(`The value of validFrom must before or equals the validTo`),
               ],
             }),
           )
@@ -315,7 +309,7 @@ describe('Contribution Links', () => {
 
         it('logs the error thrown', () => {
           expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-            `The value of validFrom must before or equals the validTo!`,
+            `The value of validFrom must before or equals the validTo`,
           )
         })
 
diff --git a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/ContributionMessageResolver.ts b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/ContributionMessageResolver.ts
index 4248946b1..adfcdf160 100644
--- a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/ContributionMessageResolver.ts
+++ b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/ContributionMessageResolver.ts
@@ -33,10 +33,14 @@ export class ContributionMessageResolver {
     try {
       const contribution = await DbContribution.findOne({ id: contributionId })
       if (!contribution) {
-        throw new Error('Contribution not found')
+        throw new LogError('Contribution not found', contributionId)
       }
       if (contribution.userId !== user.id) {
-        throw new Error('Can not send message to contribution of another user')
+        throw new LogError(
+          'Can not send message to contribution of another user',
+          contribution.userId,
+          user.id,
+        )
       }
 
       contributionMessage.contributionId = contributionId
diff --git a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/ContributionResolver.test.ts b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/ContributionResolver.test.ts
index 670eaac2d..b56180c45 100644
--- a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/ContributionResolver.test.ts
+++ b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/ContributionResolver.test.ts
@@ -245,8 +245,8 @@ describe('ContributionResolver', () => {
 
         it('logs the error found', () => {
           expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-            'No information for available creations with the given creationDate=',
-            'Invalid Date',
+            'No information for available creations for the given date',
+            expect.any(Date),
           )
         })
 
@@ -268,8 +268,8 @@ describe('ContributionResolver', () => {
 
         it('logs the error found', () => {
           expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-            'No information for available creations with the given creationDate=',
-            'Invalid Date',
+            'No information for available creations for the given date',
+            expect.any(Date),
           )
         })
       })
@@ -526,14 +526,16 @@ describe('ContributionResolver', () => {
           })
           expect(errorObjects).toEqual([
             new GraphQLError(
-              'The amount (1019 GDD) to be created exceeds the amount (600 GDD) still available for this month.',
+              'The amount to be created exceeds the amount still available for this month',
             ),
           ])
         })
 
         it('logs the error found', () => {
           expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-            'The amount (1019 GDD) to be created exceeds the amount (600 GDD) still available for this month.',
+            'The amount to be created exceeds the amount still available for this month',
+            new Decimal(1019),
+            new Decimal(600),
           )
         })
       })
@@ -2008,8 +2010,8 @@ describe('ContributionResolver', () => {
 
               it('logs the error thrown', () => {
                 expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-                  'No information for available creations with the given creationDate=',
-                  new Date(variables.creationDate).toString(),
+                  'No information for available creations for the given date',
+                  new Date(variables.creationDate),
                 )
               })
             })
@@ -2033,8 +2035,8 @@ describe('ContributionResolver', () => {
 
               it('logs the error thrown', () => {
                 expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-                  'No information for available creations with the given creationDate=',
-                  new Date(variables.creationDate).toString(),
+                  'No information for available creations for the given date',
+                  new Date(variables.creationDate),
                 )
               })
             })
@@ -2049,7 +2051,7 @@ describe('ContributionResolver', () => {
                   expect.objectContaining({
                     errors: [
                       new GraphQLError(
-                        'The amount (2000 GDD) to be created exceeds the amount (790 GDD) still available for this month.',
+                        'The amount to be created exceeds the amount still available for this month',
                       ),
                     ],
                   }),
@@ -2058,7 +2060,9 @@ describe('ContributionResolver', () => {
 
               it('logs the error thrown', () => {
                 expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-                  'The amount (2000 GDD) to be created exceeds the amount (790 GDD) still available for this month.',
+                  'The amount to be created exceeds the amount still available for this month',
+                  new Decimal(2000),
+                  new Decimal(790),
                 )
               })
             })
@@ -2098,7 +2102,7 @@ describe('ContributionResolver', () => {
                   expect.objectContaining({
                     errors: [
                       new GraphQLError(
-                        'The amount (1000 GDD) to be created exceeds the amount (590 GDD) still available for this month.',
+                        'The amount to be created exceeds the amount still available for this month',
                       ),
                     ],
                   }),
@@ -2107,7 +2111,9 @@ describe('ContributionResolver', () => {
 
               it('logs the error thrown', () => {
                 expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-                  'The amount (1000 GDD) to be created exceeds the amount (590 GDD) still available for this month.',
+                  'The amount to be created exceeds the amount still available for this month',
+                  new Decimal(1000),
+                  new Decimal(590),
                 )
               })
             })
@@ -2300,7 +2306,7 @@ describe('ContributionResolver', () => {
                 expect.objectContaining({
                   errors: [
                     new GraphQLError(
-                      'The amount (1900 GDD) to be created exceeds the amount (1000 GDD) still available for this month.',
+                      'The amount to be created exceeds the amount still available for this month',
                     ),
                   ],
                 }),
@@ -2309,7 +2315,9 @@ describe('ContributionResolver', () => {
 
             it('logs the error thrown', () => {
               expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-                'The amount (1900 GDD) to be created exceeds the amount (1000 GDD) still available for this month.',
+                'The amount to be created exceeds the amount still available for this month',
+                new Decimal(1900),
+                new Decimal(1000),
               )
             })
           })
diff --git a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/GdtResolver.ts b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/GdtResolver.ts
index 6f9691cd9..1745e7bbd 100644
--- a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/GdtResolver.ts
+++ b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/GdtResolver.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { Context, getUser } from '@/server/context'
 import CONFIG from '@/config'
 import { apiGet, apiPost } from '@/apis/HttpRequest'
 import { RIGHTS } from '@/auth/RIGHTS'
+import LogError from '@/server/LogError'
 
 @Resolver()
 export class GdtResolver {
@@ -25,11 +26,11 @@ export class GdtResolver {
         `${CONFIG.GDT_API_URL}/GdtEntries/listPerEmailApi/${userEntity.emailContact.email}/${currentPage}/${pageSize}/${order}`,
       )
       if (!resultGDT.success) {
-        throw new Error(resultGDT.data)
+        throw new LogError(resultGDT.data)
       }
       return new GdtEntryList(resultGDT.data)
     } catch (err) {
-      throw new Error('GDT Server is not reachable.')
+      throw new LogError('GDT Server is not reachable')
     }
   }
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ export class GdtResolver {
         email: user.emailContact.email,
       })
       if (!resultGDTSum.success) {
-        throw new Error('Call not successful')
+        throw new LogError('Call not successful')
       }
       return Number(resultGDTSum.data.sum) || 0
     } catch (err) {
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ export class GdtResolver {
     // load user
     const resultPID = await apiGet(`${CONFIG.GDT_API_URL}/publishers/checkPidApi/${pid}`)
     if (!resultPID.success) {
-      throw new Error(resultPID.data)
+      throw new LogError(resultPID.data)
     }
     return resultPID.data.pid
   }
diff --git a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/TransactionLinkResolver.test.ts b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/TransactionLinkResolver.test.ts
index f60ab45d0..dda693b22 100644
--- a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/TransactionLinkResolver.test.ts
+++ b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/TransactionLinkResolver.test.ts
@@ -53,65 +53,81 @@ afterAll(async () => {
 
 describe('TransactionLinkResolver', () => {
   describe('createTransactionLink', () => {
-    beforeAll(async () => {
-      await mutate({
-        mutation: login,
-        variables: { email: 'peter@lustig.de', password: 'Aa12345_' },
+    describe('unauthenticated', () => {
+      it('throws an error', async () => {
+        jest.clearAllMocks()
+        resetToken()
+        await expect(
+          mutate({ mutation: createTransactionLink, variables: { amount: 0, memo: 'Test' } }),
+        ).resolves.toEqual(
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            errors: [new GraphQLError('401 Unauthorized')],
+          }),
+        )
       })
     })
 
-    it('throws error when amount is zero', async () => {
-      jest.clearAllMocks()
-      await expect(
-        mutate({
-          mutation: createTransactionLink,
-          variables: {
-            amount: 0,
-            memo: 'Test',
-          },
-        }),
-      ).resolves.toMatchObject({
-        errors: [new GraphQLError('Amount must be a positive number')],
+    describe('authenticated', () => {
+      beforeAll(async () => {
+        await mutate({
+          mutation: login,
+          variables: { email: 'peter@lustig.de', password: 'Aa12345_' },
+        })
       })
-    })
-    it('logs the error thrown', () => {
-      expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('Amount must be a positive number', new Decimal(0))
-    })
 
-    it('throws error when amount is negative', async () => {
-      jest.clearAllMocks()
-      await expect(
-        mutate({
-          mutation: createTransactionLink,
-          variables: {
-            amount: -10,
-            memo: 'Test',
-          },
-        }),
-      ).resolves.toMatchObject({
-        errors: [new GraphQLError('Amount must be a positive number')],
+      it('throws error when amount is zero', async () => {
+        jest.clearAllMocks()
+        await expect(
+          mutate({
+            mutation: createTransactionLink,
+            variables: {
+              amount: 0,
+              memo: 'Test',
+            },
+          }),
+        ).resolves.toMatchObject({
+          errors: [new GraphQLError('Amount must be a positive number')],
+        })
+      })
+      it('logs the error thrown', () => {
+        expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('Amount must be a positive number', new Decimal(0))
       })
-    })
-    it('logs the error thrown', () => {
-      expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('Amount must be a positive number', new Decimal(-10))
-    })
 
-    it('throws error when user has not enough GDD', async () => {
-      jest.clearAllMocks()
-      await expect(
-        mutate({
-          mutation: createTransactionLink,
-          variables: {
-            amount: 1001,
-            memo: 'Test',
-          },
-        }),
-      ).resolves.toMatchObject({
-        errors: [new GraphQLError('User has not enough GDD')],
+      it('throws error when amount is negative', async () => {
+        jest.clearAllMocks()
+        await expect(
+          mutate({
+            mutation: createTransactionLink,
+            variables: {
+              amount: -10,
+              memo: 'Test',
+            },
+          }),
+        ).resolves.toMatchObject({
+          errors: [new GraphQLError('Amount must be a positive number')],
+        })
+      })
+      it('logs the error thrown', () => {
+        expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('Amount must be a positive number', new Decimal(-10))
+      })
+
+      it('throws error when user has not enough GDD', async () => {
+        jest.clearAllMocks()
+        await expect(
+          mutate({
+            mutation: createTransactionLink,
+            variables: {
+              amount: 1001,
+              memo: 'Test',
+            },
+          }),
+        ).resolves.toMatchObject({
+          errors: [new GraphQLError('User has not enough GDD')],
+        })
+      })
+      it('logs the error thrown', () => {
+        expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('User has not enough GDD', expect.any(Number))
       })
-    })
-    it('logs the error thrown', () => {
-      expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('User has not enough GDD', expect.any(Number))
     })
   })
 
@@ -121,236 +137,37 @@ describe('TransactionLinkResolver', () => {
       resetToken()
     })
 
-    describe('contributionLink', () => {
-      describe('input not valid', () => {
-        beforeAll(async () => {
-          await mutate({
-            mutation: login,
-            variables: { email: 'peter@lustig.de', password: 'Aa12345_' },
-          })
-        })
-
-        it('throws error when link does not exists', async () => {
-          jest.clearAllMocks()
-          await expect(
-            mutate({
-              mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
-              variables: {
-                code: 'CL-123456',
-              },
-            }),
-          ).resolves.toMatchObject({
-            errors: [new GraphQLError('Creation from contribution link was not successful')],
-          })
-        })
-
-        it('logs the error thrown', () => {
-          expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-            'No contribution link found to given code',
-            'CL-123456',
-          )
-          expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-            'Creation from contribution link was not successful',
-            new Error('No contribution link found to given code'),
-          )
-        })
-
-        const now = new Date()
-        const validFrom = new Date(now.getFullYear() + 1, 0, 1)
-
-        it('throws error when link is not valid yet', async () => {
-          jest.clearAllMocks()
-          const {
-            data: { createContributionLink: contributionLink },
-          } = await mutate({
-            mutation: createContributionLink,
-            variables: {
-              amount: new Decimal(5),
-              name: 'Daily Contribution  Link',
-              memo: 'Thank you for contribute daily to the community',
-              cycle: 'DAILY',
-              validFrom: validFrom.toISOString(),
-              validTo: new Date(now.getFullYear() + 1, 11, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999).toISOString(),
-              maxAmountPerMonth: new Decimal(200),
-              maxPerCycle: 1,
-            },
-          })
-          await expect(
-            mutate({
-              mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
-              variables: {
-                code: 'CL-' + contributionLink.code,
-              },
-            }),
-          ).resolves.toMatchObject({
-            errors: [new GraphQLError('Creation from contribution link was not successful')],
-          })
-          await resetEntity(DbContributionLink)
-        })
-
-        it('logs the error thrown', () => {
-          expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('Contribution link is not valid yet', validFrom)
-          expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-            'Creation from contribution link was not successful',
-            new Error('Contribution link is not valid yet'),
-          )
-        })
-
-        it('throws error when contributionLink cycle is invalid', async () => {
-          jest.clearAllMocks()
-          const now = new Date()
-          const {
-            data: { createContributionLink: contributionLink },
-          } = await mutate({
-            mutation: createContributionLink,
-            variables: {
-              amount: new Decimal(5),
-              name: 'Daily Contribution  Link',
-              memo: 'Thank you for contribute daily to the community',
-              cycle: 'INVALID',
-              validFrom: new Date(now.getFullYear(), 0, 1).toISOString(),
-              validTo: new Date(now.getFullYear(), 11, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999).toISOString(),
-              maxAmountPerMonth: new Decimal(200),
-              maxPerCycle: 1,
-            },
-          })
-          await expect(
-            mutate({
-              mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
-              variables: {
-                code: 'CL-' + contributionLink.code,
-              },
-            }),
-          ).resolves.toMatchObject({
-            errors: [new GraphQLError('Creation from contribution link was not successful')],
-          })
-          await resetEntity(DbContributionLink)
-        })
-
-        it('logs the error thrown', () => {
-          expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('Contribution link has unknown cycle', 'INVALID')
-          expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-            'Creation from contribution link was not successful',
-            new Error('Contribution link has unknown cycle'),
-          )
-        })
-
-        const validTo = new Date(now.getFullYear() - 1, 11, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0)
-        it('throws error when link is no longer valid', async () => {
-          jest.clearAllMocks()
-          const {
-            data: { createContributionLink: contributionLink },
-          } = await mutate({
-            mutation: createContributionLink,
-            variables: {
-              amount: new Decimal(5),
-              name: 'Daily Contribution  Link',
-              memo: 'Thank you for contribute daily to the community',
-              cycle: 'DAILY',
-              validFrom: new Date(now.getFullYear() - 1, 0, 1).toISOString(),
-              validTo: validTo.toISOString(),
-              maxAmountPerMonth: new Decimal(200),
-              maxPerCycle: 1,
-            },
-          })
-          await expect(
-            mutate({
-              mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
-              variables: {
-                code: 'CL-' + contributionLink.code,
-              },
-            }),
-          ).resolves.toMatchObject({
-            errors: [new GraphQLError('Creation from contribution link was not successful')],
-          })
-          await resetEntity(DbContributionLink)
-        })
-
-        it('logs the error thrown', () => {
-          expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('Contribution link is no longer valid', validTo)
-          expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
-            'Creation from contribution link was not successful',
-            new Error('Contribution link is no longer valid'),
-          )
-        })
+    describe('unauthenticated', () => {
+      it('throws an error', async () => {
+        jest.clearAllMocks()
+        resetToken()
+        await expect(
+          mutate({ mutation: redeemTransactionLink, variables: { code: 'CL-123456' } }),
+        ).resolves.toEqual(
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            errors: [new GraphQLError('401 Unauthorized')],
+          }),
+        )
       })
+    })
 
-      // TODO: have this test separated into a transactionLink and a contributionLink part
-      describe('redeem daily Contribution Link', () => {
-        const now = new Date()
-        let contributionLink: DbContributionLink | undefined
-        let contribution: UnconfirmedContribution | undefined
-
-        beforeAll(async () => {
-          await mutate({
-            mutation: login,
-            variables: { email: 'peter@lustig.de', password: 'Aa12345_' },
-          })
-          await mutate({
-            mutation: createContributionLink,
-            variables: {
-              amount: new Decimal(5),
-              name: 'Daily Contribution  Link',
-              memo: 'Thank you for contribute daily to the community',
-              cycle: 'DAILY',
-              validFrom: new Date(now.getFullYear(), 0, 1).toISOString(),
-              validTo: new Date(now.getFullYear(), 11, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999).toISOString(),
-              maxAmountPerMonth: new Decimal(200),
-              maxPerCycle: 1,
-            },
-          })
-        })
-
-        it('has a daily contribution link in the database', async () => {
-          const cls = await DbContributionLink.find()
-          expect(cls).toHaveLength(1)
-          contributionLink = cls[0]
-          expect(contributionLink).toEqual(
-            expect.objectContaining({
-              id: expect.any(Number),
-              name: 'Daily Contribution  Link',
-              memo: 'Thank you for contribute daily to the community',
-              validFrom: new Date(now.getFullYear(), 0, 1),
-              validTo: new Date(now.getFullYear(), 11, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0),
-              cycle: 'DAILY',
-              maxPerCycle: 1,
-              totalMaxCountOfContribution: null,
-              maxAccountBalance: null,
-              minGapHours: null,
-              createdAt: expect.any(Date),
-              deletedAt: null,
-              code: expect.stringMatching(/^[0-9a-f]{24,24}$/),
-              linkEnabled: true,
-              amount: expect.decimalEqual(5),
-              maxAmountPerMonth: expect.decimalEqual(200),
-            }),
-          )
-        })
-
-        describe('user has pending contribution of 1000 GDD', () => {
+    describe('authenticated', () => {
+      describe('contributionLink', () => {
+        describe('input not valid', () => {
           beforeAll(async () => {
             await mutate({
               mutation: login,
-              variables: { email: 'bibi@bloxberg.de', password: 'Aa12345_' },
+              variables: { email: 'peter@lustig.de', password: 'Aa12345_' },
             })
-            const result = await mutate({
-              mutation: createContribution,
-              variables: {
-                amount: new Decimal(1000),
-                memo: 'I was brewing potions for the community the whole month',
-                creationDate: now.toISOString(),
-              },
-            })
-            contribution = result.data.createContribution
           })
 
-          it('does not allow the user to redeem the contribution link', async () => {
+          it('throws error when link does not exists', async () => {
             jest.clearAllMocks()
             await expect(
               mutate({
                 mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
                 variables: {
-                  code: 'CL-' + (contributionLink ? contributionLink.code : ''),
+                  code: 'CL-123456',
                 },
               }),
             ).resolves.toMatchObject({
@@ -359,85 +176,247 @@ describe('TransactionLinkResolver', () => {
           })
 
           it('logs the error thrown', () => {
+            expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
+              'No contribution link found to given code',
+              'CL-123456',
+            )
             expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
               'Creation from contribution link was not successful',
-              new Error(
-                'The amount (5 GDD) to be created exceeds the amount (0 GDD) still available for this month.',
-              ),
+              new Error('No contribution link found to given code'),
             )
           })
-        })
 
-        describe('user has no pending contributions that would not allow to redeem the link', () => {
-          beforeAll(async () => {
-            await mutate({
-              mutation: login,
-              variables: { email: 'bibi@bloxberg.de', password: 'Aa12345_' },
-            })
-            await mutate({
-              mutation: updateContribution,
-              variables: {
-                contributionId: contribution ? contribution.id : -1,
-                amount: new Decimal(800),
-                memo: 'I was brewing potions for the community the whole month',
-                creationDate: now.toISOString(),
-              },
-            })
-          })
+          const now = new Date()
+          const validFrom = new Date(now.getFullYear() + 1, 0, 1)
 
-          it('allows the user to redeem the contribution link', async () => {
-            await expect(
-              mutate({
-                mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
-                variables: {
-                  code: 'CL-' + (contributionLink ? contributionLink.code : ''),
-                },
-              }),
-            ).resolves.toMatchObject({
-              data: {
-                redeemTransactionLink: true,
-              },
-              errors: undefined,
-            })
-          })
-
-          it('does not allow the user to redeem the contribution link a second time on the same day', async () => {
+          it('throws error when link is not valid yet', async () => {
             jest.clearAllMocks()
+            const {
+              data: { createContributionLink: contributionLink },
+            } = await mutate({
+              mutation: createContributionLink,
+              variables: {
+                amount: new Decimal(5),
+                name: 'Daily Contribution  Link',
+                memo: 'Thank you for contribute daily to the community',
+                cycle: 'DAILY',
+                validFrom: validFrom.toISOString(),
+                validTo: new Date(now.getFullYear() + 1, 11, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999).toISOString(),
+                maxAmountPerMonth: new Decimal(200),
+                maxPerCycle: 1,
+              },
+            })
             await expect(
               mutate({
                 mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
                 variables: {
-                  code: 'CL-' + (contributionLink ? contributionLink.code : ''),
+                  code: 'CL-' + contributionLink.code,
                 },
               }),
             ).resolves.toMatchObject({
               errors: [new GraphQLError('Creation from contribution link was not successful')],
             })
+            await resetEntity(DbContributionLink)
           })
 
           it('logs the error thrown', () => {
+            expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('Contribution link is not valid yet', validFrom)
             expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
               'Creation from contribution link was not successful',
-              new Error('Contribution link already redeemed today'),
+              new Error('Contribution link is not valid yet'),
             )
           })
 
-          describe('after one day', () => {
+          it('throws error when contributionLink cycle is invalid', async () => {
+            jest.clearAllMocks()
+            const now = new Date()
+            const {
+              data: { createContributionLink: contributionLink },
+            } = await mutate({
+              mutation: createContributionLink,
+              variables: {
+                amount: new Decimal(5),
+                name: 'Daily Contribution  Link',
+                memo: 'Thank you for contribute daily to the community',
+                cycle: 'INVALID',
+                validFrom: new Date(now.getFullYear(), 0, 1).toISOString(),
+                validTo: new Date(now.getFullYear(), 11, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999).toISOString(),
+                maxAmountPerMonth: new Decimal(200),
+                maxPerCycle: 1,
+              },
+            })
+            await expect(
+              mutate({
+                mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
+                variables: {
+                  code: 'CL-' + contributionLink.code,
+                },
+              }),
+            ).resolves.toMatchObject({
+              errors: [new GraphQLError('Creation from contribution link was not successful')],
+            })
+            await resetEntity(DbContributionLink)
+          })
+
+          it('logs the error thrown', () => {
+            expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('Contribution link has unknown cycle', 'INVALID')
+            expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
+              'Creation from contribution link was not successful',
+              new Error('Contribution link has unknown cycle'),
+            )
+          })
+
+          const validTo = new Date(now.getFullYear() - 1, 11, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0)
+          it('throws error when link is no longer valid', async () => {
+            jest.clearAllMocks()
+            const {
+              data: { createContributionLink: contributionLink },
+            } = await mutate({
+              mutation: createContributionLink,
+              variables: {
+                amount: new Decimal(5),
+                name: 'Daily Contribution  Link',
+                memo: 'Thank you for contribute daily to the community',
+                cycle: 'DAILY',
+                validFrom: new Date(now.getFullYear() - 1, 0, 1).toISOString(),
+                validTo: validTo.toISOString(),
+                maxAmountPerMonth: new Decimal(200),
+                maxPerCycle: 1,
+              },
+            })
+            await expect(
+              mutate({
+                mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
+                variables: {
+                  code: 'CL-' + contributionLink.code,
+                },
+              }),
+            ).resolves.toMatchObject({
+              errors: [new GraphQLError('Creation from contribution link was not successful')],
+            })
+            await resetEntity(DbContributionLink)
+          })
+
+          it('logs the error thrown', () => {
+            expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith('Contribution link is no longer valid', validTo)
+            expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
+              'Creation from contribution link was not successful',
+              new Error('Contribution link is no longer valid'),
+            )
+          })
+        })
+
+        // TODO: have this test separated into a transactionLink and a contributionLink part
+        describe('redeem daily Contribution Link', () => {
+          const now = new Date()
+          let contributionLink: DbContributionLink | undefined
+          let contribution: UnconfirmedContribution | undefined
+
+          beforeAll(async () => {
+            await mutate({
+              mutation: login,
+              variables: { email: 'peter@lustig.de', password: 'Aa12345_' },
+            })
+            await mutate({
+              mutation: createContributionLink,
+              variables: {
+                amount: new Decimal(5),
+                name: 'Daily Contribution  Link',
+                memo: 'Thank you for contribute daily to the community',
+                cycle: 'DAILY',
+                validFrom: new Date(now.getFullYear(), 0, 1).toISOString(),
+                validTo: new Date(now.getFullYear(), 11, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999).toISOString(),
+                maxAmountPerMonth: new Decimal(200),
+                maxPerCycle: 1,
+              },
+            })
+          })
+
+          it('has a daily contribution link in the database', async () => {
+            const cls = await DbContributionLink.find()
+            expect(cls).toHaveLength(1)
+            contributionLink = cls[0]
+            expect(contributionLink).toEqual(
+              expect.objectContaining({
+                id: expect.any(Number),
+                name: 'Daily Contribution  Link',
+                memo: 'Thank you for contribute daily to the community',
+                validFrom: new Date(now.getFullYear(), 0, 1),
+                validTo: new Date(now.getFullYear(), 11, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0),
+                cycle: 'DAILY',
+                maxPerCycle: 1,
+                totalMaxCountOfContribution: null,
+                maxAccountBalance: null,
+                minGapHours: null,
+                createdAt: expect.any(Date),
+                deletedAt: null,
+                code: expect.stringMatching(/^[0-9a-f]{24,24}$/),
+                linkEnabled: true,
+                amount: expect.decimalEqual(5),
+                maxAmountPerMonth: expect.decimalEqual(200),
+              }),
+            )
+          })
+
+          describe('user has pending contribution of 1000 GDD', () => {
             beforeAll(async () => {
-              jest.useFakeTimers()
-              setTimeout(jest.fn(), 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)
-              jest.runAllTimers()
               await mutate({
                 mutation: login,
                 variables: { email: 'bibi@bloxberg.de', password: 'Aa12345_' },
               })
+              const result = await mutate({
+                mutation: createContribution,
+                variables: {
+                  amount: new Decimal(1000),
+                  memo: 'I was brewing potions for the community the whole month',
+                  creationDate: now.toISOString(),
+                },
+              })
+              contribution = result.data.createContribution
             })
 
-            afterAll(() => {
-              jest.useRealTimers()
+            it('does not allow the user to redeem the contribution link', async () => {
+              jest.clearAllMocks()
+              await expect(
+                mutate({
+                  mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
+                  variables: {
+                    code: 'CL-' + (contributionLink ? contributionLink.code : ''),
+                  },
+                }),
+              ).resolves.toMatchObject({
+                errors: [new GraphQLError('Creation from contribution link was not successful')],
+              })
             })
 
-            it('allows the user to redeem the contribution link again', async () => {
+            it('logs the error thrown', () => {
+              expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
+                'Creation from contribution link was not successful',
+                new Error(
+                  'The amount to be created exceeds the amount still available for this month',
+                ),
+              )
+            })
+          })
+
+          describe('user has no pending contributions that would not allow to redeem the link', () => {
+            beforeAll(async () => {
+              await mutate({
+                mutation: login,
+                variables: { email: 'bibi@bloxberg.de', password: 'Aa12345_' },
+              })
+              await mutate({
+                mutation: updateContribution,
+                variables: {
+                  contributionId: contribution ? contribution.id : -1,
+                  amount: new Decimal(800),
+                  memo: 'I was brewing potions for the community the whole month',
+                  creationDate: now.toISOString(),
+                },
+              })
+            })
+
+            it('allows the user to redeem the contribution link', async () => {
               await expect(
                 mutate({
                   mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
@@ -473,6 +452,59 @@ describe('TransactionLinkResolver', () => {
                 new Error('Contribution link already redeemed today'),
               )
             })
+
+            describe('after one day', () => {
+              beforeAll(async () => {
+                jest.useFakeTimers()
+                setTimeout(jest.fn(), 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)
+                jest.runAllTimers()
+                await mutate({
+                  mutation: login,
+                  variables: { email: 'bibi@bloxberg.de', password: 'Aa12345_' },
+                })
+              })
+
+              afterAll(() => {
+                jest.useRealTimers()
+              })
+
+              it('allows the user to redeem the contribution link again', async () => {
+                await expect(
+                  mutate({
+                    mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
+                    variables: {
+                      code: 'CL-' + (contributionLink ? contributionLink.code : ''),
+                    },
+                  }),
+                ).resolves.toMatchObject({
+                  data: {
+                    redeemTransactionLink: true,
+                  },
+                  errors: undefined,
+                })
+              })
+
+              it('does not allow the user to redeem the contribution link a second time on the same day', async () => {
+                jest.clearAllMocks()
+                await expect(
+                  mutate({
+                    mutation: redeemTransactionLink,
+                    variables: {
+                      code: 'CL-' + (contributionLink ? contributionLink.code : ''),
+                    },
+                  }),
+                ).resolves.toMatchObject({
+                  errors: [new GraphQLError('Creation from contribution link was not successful')],
+                })
+              })
+
+              it('logs the error thrown', () => {
+                expect(logger.error).toBeCalledWith(
+                  'Creation from contribution link was not successful',
+                  new Error('Contribution link already redeemed today'),
+                )
+              })
+            })
           })
         })
       })
diff --git a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/TransactionLinkResolver.ts b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/TransactionLinkResolver.ts
index 4647dde60..16766bdd6 100644
--- a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/TransactionLinkResolver.ts
+++ b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/TransactionLinkResolver.ts
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ export class TransactionLinkResolver {
     transactionLink.code = transactionLinkCode(createdDate)
     transactionLink.createdAt = createdDate
     transactionLink.validUntil = validUntil
-    await DbTransactionLink.save(transactionLink).catch(() => {
-      throw new Error('Unable to save transaction link')
+    await DbTransactionLink.save(transactionLink).catch((e) => {
+      throw new LogError('Unable to save transaction link', e)
     })
 
     return new TransactionLink(transactionLink, new User(user))
@@ -103,19 +103,23 @@ export class TransactionLinkResolver {
 
     const transactionLink = await DbTransactionLink.findOne({ id })
     if (!transactionLink) {
-      throw new Error('Transaction Link not found!')
+      throw new LogError('Transaction link not found', id)
     }
 
     if (transactionLink.userId !== user.id) {
-      throw new Error('Transaction Link cannot be deleted!')
+      throw new LogError(
+        'Transaction link cannot be deleted by another user',
+        transactionLink.userId,
+        user.id,
+      )
     }
 
     if (transactionLink.redeemedBy) {
-      throw new Error('Transaction Link already redeemed!')
+      throw new LogError('Transaction link already redeemed', transactionLink.redeemedBy)
     }
 
-    await transactionLink.softRemove().catch(() => {
-      throw new Error('Transaction Link could not be deleted!')
+    await transactionLink.softRemove().catch((e) => {
+      throw new LogError('Transaction link could not be deleted', e)
     })
 
     return true
@@ -312,18 +316,18 @@ export class TransactionLinkResolver {
       )
 
       if (user.id === linkedUser.id) {
-        throw new Error('Cannot redeem own transaction link.')
+        throw new LogError('Cannot redeem own transaction link', user.id)
       }
 
       // TODO: The now check should be done within the semaphore lock,
       // since the program might wait a while till it is ready to proceed
       // writing the transaction.
       if (transactionLink.validUntil.getTime() < now.getTime()) {
-        throw new Error('Transaction Link is not valid anymore.')
+        throw new LogError('Transaction link is not valid anymore', transactionLink.validUntil)
       }
 
       if (transactionLink.redeemedBy) {
-        throw new Error('Transaction Link already redeemed.')
+        throw new LogError('Transaction link already redeemed', transactionLink.redeemedBy)
       }
 
       await executeTransaction(
diff --git a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/util/creations.ts b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/util/creations.ts
index 00137eaa1..b9ba2e69f 100644
--- a/backend/src/graphql/resolver/util/creations.ts
+++ b/backend/src/graphql/resolver/util/creations.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import LogError from '@/server/LogError'
 import { backendLogger as logger } from '@/server/logger'
 import { getConnection } from '@dbTools/typeorm'
 import { Contribution } from '@entity/Contribution'
@@ -19,19 +20,14 @@ export const validateContribution = (
   const index = getCreationIndex(creationDate.getMonth(), timezoneOffset)
 
   if (index < 0) {
-    logger.error(
-      'No information for available creations with the given creationDate=',
-      creationDate.toString(),
-    )
-    throw new Error('No information for available creations for the given date')
+    throw new LogError('No information for available creations for the given date', creationDate)
   }
 
   if (amount.greaterThan(creations[index].toString())) {
-    logger.error(
-      `The amount (${amount} GDD) to be created exceeds the amount (${creations[index]} GDD) still available for this month.`,
-    )
-    throw new Error(
-      `The amount (${amount} GDD) to be created exceeds the amount (${creations[index]} GDD) still available for this month.`,
+    throw new LogError(
+      'The amount to be created exceeds the amount still available for this month',
+      amount,
+      creations[index],
     )
   }
 }
@@ -126,19 +122,16 @@ export const isStartEndDateValid = (
   endDate: string | null | undefined,
 ): void => {
   if (!startDate) {
-    logger.error('Start-Date is not initialized. A Start-Date must be set!')
-    throw new Error('Start-Date is not initialized. A Start-Date must be set!')
+    throw new LogError('A Start-Date must be set')
   }
 
   if (!endDate) {
-    logger.error('End-Date is not initialized. An End-Date must be set!')
-    throw new Error('End-Date is not initialized. An End-Date must be set!')
+    throw new LogError('An End-Date must be set')
   }
 
   // check if endDate is before startDate
   if (new Date(endDate).getTime() - new Date(startDate).getTime() < 0) {
-    logger.error(`The value of validFrom must before or equals the validTo!`)
-    throw new Error(`The value of validFrom must before or equals the validTo!`)
+    throw new LogError(`The value of validFrom must before or equals the validTo`)
   }
 }
 
@@ -150,7 +143,7 @@ export const updateCreations = (
   const index = getCreationIndex(contribution.contributionDate.getMonth(), timezoneOffset)
 
   if (index < 0) {
-    throw new Error('You cannot create GDD for a month older than the last three months.')
+    throw new LogError('You cannot create GDD for a month older than the last three months')
   }
   creations[index] = creations[index].plus(contribution.amount.toString())
   return creations
diff --git a/backend/src/password/EncryptorUtils.ts b/backend/src/password/EncryptorUtils.ts
index 971b6a32e..d03f5d169 100644
--- a/backend/src/password/EncryptorUtils.ts
+++ b/backend/src/password/EncryptorUtils.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import CONFIG from '@/config'
+import LogError from '@/server/LogError'
 import { backendLogger as logger } from '@/server/logger'
 import { User } from '@entity/User'
 import { PasswordEncryptionType } from '@enum/PasswordEncryptionType'
@@ -16,11 +17,10 @@ export const SecretKeyCryptographyCreateKey = (salt: string, password: string):
   const configLoginAppSecret = Buffer.from(CONFIG.LOGIN_APP_SECRET, 'hex')
   const configLoginServerKey = Buffer.from(CONFIG.LOGIN_SERVER_KEY, 'hex')
   if (configLoginServerKey.length !== sodium.crypto_shorthash_KEYBYTES) {
-    logger.error(
-      `ServerKey has an invalid size. The size must be ${sodium.crypto_shorthash_KEYBYTES} bytes.`,
-    )
-    throw new Error(
-      `ServerKey has an invalid size. The size must be ${sodium.crypto_shorthash_KEYBYTES} bytes.`,
+    throw new LogError(
+      'ServerKey has an invalid size',
+      configLoginServerKey.length,
+      sodium.crypto_shorthash_KEYBYTES,
     )
   }
 
@@ -52,20 +52,13 @@ export const SecretKeyCryptographyCreateKey = (salt: string, password: string):
 
 export const getUserCryptographicSalt = (dbUser: User): string => {
   switch (dbUser.passwordEncryptionType) {
-    case PasswordEncryptionType.NO_PASSWORD: {
-      logger.error('Password not set for user ' + dbUser.id)
-      throw new Error('Password not set for user ' + dbUser.id) // user has no password
-    }
-    case PasswordEncryptionType.EMAIL: {
+    case PasswordEncryptionType.NO_PASSWORD:
+      throw new LogError('User has no password set', dbUser.id)
+    case PasswordEncryptionType.EMAIL:
       return dbUser.emailContact.email
-      break
-    }
-    case PasswordEncryptionType.GRADIDO_ID: {
+    case PasswordEncryptionType.GRADIDO_ID:
       return dbUser.gradidoID
-      break
-    }
     default:
-      logger.error(`Unknown password encryption type: ${dbUser.passwordEncryptionType}`)
-      throw new Error(`Unknown password encryption type: ${dbUser.passwordEncryptionType}`)
+      throw new LogError('Unknown password encryption type', dbUser.passwordEncryptionType)
   }
 }
diff --git a/backend/src/server/context.ts b/backend/src/server/context.ts
index 8ba590dd3..32a765777 100644
--- a/backend/src/server/context.ts
+++ b/backend/src/server/context.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { User as dbUser } from '@entity/User'
 import { Transaction as dbTransaction } from '@entity/Transaction'
 import Decimal from 'decimal.js-light'
 import { ExpressContext } from 'apollo-server-express'
+import LogError from './LogError'
 
 export interface Context {
   token: string | null
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ const context = (args: ExpressContext): Context => {
 
 export const getUser = (context: Context): dbUser => {
   if (context.user) return context.user
-  throw new Error('No user given in context!')
+  throw new LogError('No user given in context')
 }
 
 export const getClientTimezoneOffset = (context: Context): number => {
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ export const getClientTimezoneOffset = (context: Context): number => {
   ) {
     return context.clientTimezoneOffset
   }
-  throw new Error('No valid client time zone offset in context!')
+  throw new LogError('No valid client time zone offset in context')
 }
 
 export default context
diff --git a/backend/src/util/decay.ts b/backend/src/util/decay.ts
index 48674dc50..641654756 100644
--- a/backend/src/util/decay.ts
+++ b/backend/src/util/decay.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import Decimal from 'decimal.js-light'
 import CONFIG from '@/config'
 import { Decay } from '@model/Decay'
+import LogError from '@/server/LogError'
 
 // TODO: externalize all those definitions and functions into an external decay library
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ function calculateDecay(
   const startBlockMs = startBlock.getTime()
 
   if (toMs < fromMs) {
-    throw new Error('to < from, reverse decay calculation is invalid')
+    throw new LogError('calculateDecay: to < from, reverse decay calculation is invalid')
   }
 
   // Initialize with no decay
diff --git a/backend/src/util/klicktipp.ts b/backend/src/util/klicktipp.ts
index 0432f196e..02bdd853b 100644
--- a/backend/src/util/klicktipp.ts
+++ b/backend/src/util/klicktipp.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import connection from '@/typeorm/connection'
 import { getKlickTippUser } from '@/apis/KlicktippController'
 import { User } from '@entity/User'
+import LogError from '@/server/LogError'
 
 export async function retrieveNotRegisteredEmails(): Promise<string[]> {
   const con = await connection()
   if (!con) {
-    throw new Error('No connection to database')
+    throw new LogError('No connection to database')
   }
   const users = await User.find({ relations: ['emailContact'] })
   const notRegisteredUser = []