diff --git a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/emails.js b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/emails.js
index ce93a28e9..06c0dbd1a 100644
--- a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/emails.js
+++ b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/emails.js
@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@ import Resolver from './helpers/Resolver'
 import existingEmailAddress from './helpers/existingEmailAddress'
 import { UserInputError } from 'apollo-server'
 import Validator from 'neode/build/Services/Validator.js'
+import { normalizeEmail } from 'validator'
 
 export default {
   Mutation: {
     AddEmailAddress: async (_parent, args, context, _resolveInfo) => {
       let response
+      args.email = normalizeEmail(args.email)
+
       try {
         const { neode } = context
         await new Validator(neode, neode.model('UnverifiedEmailAddress'), args)
@@ -16,13 +19,13 @@ export default {
       }
 
       // check email does not belong to anybody
-      await existingEmailAddress(_parent, args, context)
+      await existingEmailAddress({ args, context })
 
       const nonce = generateNonce()
       const {
         user: { id: userId },
       } = context
-      const { email } = args
+
       const session = context.driver.session()
       const writeTxResultPromise = session.writeTransaction(async txc => {
         const result = await txc.run(
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ export default {
             SET email.createdAt = toString(datetime())
             RETURN email, user
           `,
-          { userId, email, nonce },
+          { userId, email: args.email, nonce },
         )
         return result.records.map(record => ({
           name: record.get('user').properties.name,
diff --git a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset/createPasswordReset.js b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/helpers/createPasswordReset.js
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset/createPasswordReset.js
rename to backend/src/schema/resolvers/helpers/createPasswordReset.js
diff --git a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset/createPasswordReset.spec.js b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/helpers/createPasswordReset.spec.js
similarity index 68%
rename from backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset/createPasswordReset.spec.js
rename to backend/src/schema/resolvers/helpers/createPasswordReset.spec.js
index a5c4d75a5..a566e225a 100644
--- a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset/createPasswordReset.spec.js
+++ b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/helpers/createPasswordReset.spec.js
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ describe('createPasswordReset', () => {
         close() {},
         run: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
           records: {
-            map: jest.fn(() => [])
-          }
-        })
+            map: jest.fn(() => []),
+          },
+        }),
       }
       driver = { session: () => mockSession }
     })
@@ -22,10 +22,14 @@ describe('createPasswordReset', () => {
     it('lowercases email address', async () => {
       const email = 'stRaNGeCaSiNG@ExAmplE.ORG'
       await createPasswordReset({ driver, email, issuedAt, nonce })
-      expect(mockSession.run.mock.calls)
-        .toEqual([[expect.any(String), expect.objectContaining({
-          email: 'strangecasing@example.org'
-      })]])
+      expect(mockSession.run.mock.calls).toEqual([
+        [
+          expect.any(String),
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            email: 'strangecasing@example.org',
+          }),
+        ],
+      ])
     })
   })
 })
diff --git a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/helpers/existingEmailAddress.js b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/helpers/existingEmailAddress.js
index 007d2de6b..ee1a6af82 100644
--- a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/helpers/existingEmailAddress.js
+++ b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/helpers/existingEmailAddress.js
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { UserInputError } from 'apollo-server'
-export default async function alreadyExistingMail(_parent, args, context) {
-  let { email } = args
-  email = email.toLowerCase()
+
+export default async function alreadyExistingMail({ args, context }) {
   const cypher = `
     MATCH (email:EmailAddress {email: $email})
     OPTIONAL MATCH (email)-[:BELONGS_TO]-(user)
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ export default async function alreadyExistingMail(_parent, args, context) {
   let transactionRes
   const session = context.driver.session()
   try {
-    transactionRes = await session.run(cypher, { email })
+    transactionRes = await session.run(cypher, { email: args.email })
   } finally {
     session.close()
   }
diff --git a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset.js b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset.js
index e03378ec1..7c0d9e747 100644
--- a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset.js
+++ b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset.js
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import uuid from 'uuid/v4'
 import bcrypt from 'bcryptjs'
-import createPasswordReset from './passwordReset/createPasswordReset'
-
+import createPasswordReset from './helpers/createPasswordReset'
 
 export default {
   Mutation: {
diff --git a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset.spec.js b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset.spec.js
index 03de77493..e9f986acd 100644
--- a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset.spec.js
+++ b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/passwordReset.spec.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import Factory from '../../seed/factories'
 import { gql } from '../../jest/helpers'
 import { neode as getNeode, getDriver } from '../../bootstrap/neo4j'
-import { createPasswordReset } from './passwordReset/createPasswordReset'
+import { createPasswordReset } from './helpers/createPasswordReset'
 import createServer from '../../server'
 import { createTestClient } from 'apollo-server-testing'
 
diff --git a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/registration.js b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/registration.js
index bd62b32c3..bdcb6f04f 100644
--- a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/registration.js
+++ b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/registration.js
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import fileUpload from './fileUpload'
 import encryptPassword from '../../helpers/encryptPassword'
 import generateNonce from './helpers/generateNonce'
 import existingEmailAddress from './helpers/existingEmailAddress'
+import { normalizeEmail } from 'validator'
 
 const instance = neode()
 
@@ -29,9 +30,9 @@ export default {
       return response
     },
     Signup: async (_parent, args, context) => {
-      const nonce = generateNonce()
-      args.nonce = nonce
-      let emailAddress = await existingEmailAddress(_parent, args, context)
+      args.nonce = generateNonce()
+      args.email = normalizeEmail(args.email)
+      let emailAddress = await existingEmailAddress({ args, context })
       if (emailAddress) return emailAddress
       try {
         emailAddress = await instance.create('EmailAddress', args)
@@ -42,8 +43,8 @@ export default {
     },
     SignupByInvitation: async (_parent, args, context) => {
       const { token } = args
-      const nonce = generateNonce()
-      args.nonce = nonce
+      args.nonce = generateNonce()
+      args.email = normalizeEmail(args.email)
       let emailAddress = await existingEmailAddress(_parent, args, context)
       if (emailAddress) return emailAddress
       try {
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ export default {
       args.termsAndConditionsAgreedAt = new Date().toISOString()
 
       let { nonce, email } = args
-      email = email.toLowerCase()
+      email = normalizeEmail(email)
       const result = await instance.cypher(
         `
       MATCH(email:EmailAddress {nonce: {nonce}, email: {email}})