diff --git a/backend/src/db/graphql/groups.js b/backend/src/db/graphql/groups.js
index 27b57de3a..4562fa4b4 100644
--- a/backend/src/db/graphql/groups.js
+++ b/backend/src/db/graphql/groups.js
@@ -2,56 +2,58 @@ import gql from 'graphql-tag'
 
 // ------ mutations
 
-export const createGroupMutation = gql`
-  mutation (
-    $id: ID
-    $name: String!
-    $slug: String
-    $about: String
-    $description: String!
-    $groupType: GroupType!
-    $actionRadius: GroupActionRadius!
-    $categoryIds: [ID]
-    $locationName: String # empty string '' sets it to null
-  ) {
-    CreateGroup(
-      id: $id
-      name: $name
-      slug: $slug
-      about: $about
-      description: $description
-      groupType: $groupType
-      actionRadius: $actionRadius
-      categoryIds: $categoryIds
-      locationName: $locationName
+export const createGroupMutation = () => {
+  return gql`
+    mutation (
+      $id: ID
+      $name: String!
+      $slug: String
+      $about: String
+      $description: String!
+      $groupType: GroupType!
+      $actionRadius: GroupActionRadius!
+      $categoryIds: [ID]
+      $locationName: String # empty string '' sets it to null
     ) {
-      id
-      name
-      slug
-      createdAt
-      updatedAt
-      disabled
-      deleted
-      about
-      description
-      groupType
-      actionRadius
-      categories {
+      CreateGroup(
+        id: $id
+        name: $name
+        slug: $slug
+        about: $about
+        description: $description
+        groupType: $groupType
+        actionRadius: $actionRadius
+        categoryIds: $categoryIds
+        locationName: $locationName
+      ) {
         id
+        name
         slug
-        name
-        icon
+        createdAt
+        updatedAt
+        disabled
+        deleted
+        about
+        description
+        groupType
+        actionRadius
+        categories {
+          id
+          slug
+          name
+          icon
+        }
+        locationName
+        location {
+          name
+          nameDE
+          nameEN
+        }
+        myRole
       }
-      locationName
-      location {
-        name
-        nameDE
-        nameEN
-      }
-      myRole
     }
-  }
-`
+  `
+}
 
 export const updateGroupMutation = gql`
   mutation (
diff --git a/backend/src/db/seed.js b/backend/src/db/seed.js
index 0cb3deb03..dc5878270 100644
--- a/backend/src/db/seed.js
+++ b/backend/src/db/seed.js
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ const languages = ['de', 'en', 'es', 'fr', 'it', 'pt', 'pl']
     authenticatedUser = await peterLustig.toJson()
     await Promise.all([
       mutate({
-        mutation: createGroupMutation,
+        mutation: createGroupMutation(),
         variables: {
           id: 'g0',
           name: 'Investigative Journalism',
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ const languages = ['de', 'en', 'es', 'fr', 'it', 'pt', 'pl']
     authenticatedUser = await jennyRostock.toJson()
     await Promise.all([
       mutate({
-        mutation: createGroupMutation,
+        mutation: createGroupMutation(),
         variables: {
           id: 'g1',
           name: 'School For Citizens',
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ const languages = ['de', 'en', 'es', 'fr', 'it', 'pt', 'pl']
     authenticatedUser = await bobDerBaumeister.toJson()
     await Promise.all([
       mutate({
-        mutation: createGroupMutation,
+        mutation: createGroupMutation(),
         variables: {
           id: 'g2',
           name: 'Yoga Practice',
diff --git a/backend/src/middleware/slugifyMiddleware.spec.js b/backend/src/middleware/slugifyMiddleware.spec.js
index edb6b64eb..8e4460103 100644
--- a/backend/src/middleware/slugifyMiddleware.spec.js
+++ b/backend/src/middleware/slugifyMiddleware.spec.js
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ describe('slugifyMiddleware', () => {
       it('generates a slug based on name', async () => {
         await expect(
           mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables,
           }),
         ).resolves.toMatchObject({
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ describe('slugifyMiddleware', () => {
       it('generates a slug based on given slug', async () => {
         await expect(
           mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               ...variables,
               slug: 'the-group',
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ describe('slugifyMiddleware', () => {
     describe('if slug exists', () => {
       beforeEach(async () => {
         await mutate({
-          mutation: createGroupMutation,
+          mutation: createGroupMutation(),
           variables: {
             ...variables,
             name: 'Pre-Existing Group',
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ describe('slugifyMiddleware', () => {
       it('chooses another slug', async () => {
         await expect(
           mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               ...variables,
               name: 'Pre-Existing Group',
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ describe('slugifyMiddleware', () => {
           try {
             await expect(
               mutate({
-                mutation: createGroupMutation,
+                mutation: createGroupMutation(),
                 variables: {
                   ...variables,
                   name: 'Pre-Existing Group',
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ describe('slugifyMiddleware', () => {
 
     beforeEach(async () => {
       createGroupResult = await mutate({
-        mutation: createGroupMutation,
+        mutation: createGroupMutation(),
         variables: {
           name: 'The Best Group',
           slug: 'the-best-group',
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ describe('slugifyMiddleware', () => {
       describe('if new slug exists in another group', () => {
         beforeEach(async () => {
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               name: 'Pre-Existing Group',
               slug: 'pre-existing-group',
diff --git a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/groups.spec.js b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/groups.spec.js
index 5ef1006d1..816bfcbc9 100644
--- a/backend/src/schema/resolvers/groups.spec.js
+++ b/backend/src/schema/resolvers/groups.spec.js
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ const seedComplexScenarioAndClearAuthentication = async () => {
   // public-group
   authenticatedUser = await usualMemberUser.toJson()
   await mutate({
-    mutation: createGroupMutation,
+    mutation: createGroupMutation(),
     variables: {
       id: 'public-group',
       name: 'The Best Group',
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ const seedComplexScenarioAndClearAuthentication = async () => {
   // closed-group
   authenticatedUser = await ownerMemberUser.toJson()
   await mutate({
-    mutation: createGroupMutation,
+    mutation: createGroupMutation(),
     variables: {
       id: 'closed-group',
       name: 'Uninteresting Group',
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ const seedComplexScenarioAndClearAuthentication = async () => {
   // hidden-group
   authenticatedUser = await adminMemberUser.toJson()
   await mutate({
-    mutation: createGroupMutation,
+    mutation: createGroupMutation(),
     variables: {
       id: 'hidden-group',
       name: 'Investigative Journalism Group',
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
 
       describe('unauthenticated', () => {
         it('throws authorization error', async () => {
-          const { errors } = await mutate({ mutation: createGroupMutation, variables })
+          const { errors } = await mutate({ mutation: createGroupMutation(), variables })
           expect(errors[0]).toHaveProperty('message', 'Not Authorized!')
         })
       })
@@ -294,49 +294,49 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
         })
 
         it('creates a group', async () => {
-          await expect(mutate({ mutation: createGroupMutation, variables })).resolves.toMatchObject(
-            {
-              data: {
-                CreateGroup: {
-                  name: 'The Best Group',
-                  slug: 'the-group',
-                  about: 'We will change the world!',
-                  description: 'Some description' + descriptionAdditional100,
-                  groupType: 'public',
-                  actionRadius: 'regional',
-                  locationName: 'Hamburg, Germany',
-                  location: expect.objectContaining({
-                    name: 'Hamburg',
-                    nameDE: 'Hamburg',
-                    nameEN: 'Hamburg',
-                  }),
-                },
+          await expect(
+            mutate({ mutation: createGroupMutation(), variables }),
+          ).resolves.toMatchObject({
+            data: {
+              CreateGroup: {
+                name: 'The Best Group',
+                slug: 'the-group',
+                about: 'We will change the world!',
+                description: 'Some description' + descriptionAdditional100,
+                groupType: 'public',
+                actionRadius: 'regional',
+                locationName: 'Hamburg, Germany',
+                location: expect.objectContaining({
+                  name: 'Hamburg',
+                  nameDE: 'Hamburg',
+                  nameEN: 'Hamburg',
+                }),
               },
-              errors: undefined,
             },
-          )
+            errors: undefined,
+          })
         })
 
         it('assigns the authenticated user as owner', async () => {
-          await expect(mutate({ mutation: createGroupMutation, variables })).resolves.toMatchObject(
-            {
-              data: {
-                CreateGroup: {
-                  name: 'The Best Group',
-                  myRole: 'owner',
-                },
+          await expect(
+            mutate({ mutation: createGroupMutation(), variables }),
+          ).resolves.toMatchObject({
+            data: {
+              CreateGroup: {
+                name: 'The Best Group',
+                myRole: 'owner',
               },
-              errors: undefined,
             },
-          )
+            errors: undefined,
+          })
         })
 
         it('has "disabled" and "deleted" default to "false"', async () => {
-          await expect(mutate({ mutation: createGroupMutation, variables })).resolves.toMatchObject(
-            {
-              data: { CreateGroup: { disabled: false, deleted: false } },
-            },
-          )
+          await expect(
+            mutate({ mutation: createGroupMutation(), variables }),
+          ).resolves.toMatchObject({
+            data: { CreateGroup: { disabled: false, deleted: false } },
+          })
         })
 
         describe('description', () => {
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
             describe('less then 100 chars', () => {
               it('throws error: "Description too short!"', async () => {
                 const { errors } = await mutate({
-                  mutation: createGroupMutation,
+                  mutation: createGroupMutation(),
                   variables: {
                     ...variables,
                     description:
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
             it('has new categories', async () => {
               await expect(
                 mutate({
-                  mutation: createGroupMutation,
+                  mutation: createGroupMutation(),
                   variables: {
                     ...variables,
                     categoryIds: ['cat4', 'cat27'],
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
             describe('by "categoryIds: null"', () => {
               it('throws error: "Too view categories!"', async () => {
                 const { errors } = await mutate({
-                  mutation: createGroupMutation,
+                  mutation: createGroupMutation(),
                   variables: { ...variables, categoryIds: null },
                 })
                 expect(errors[0]).toHaveProperty('message', 'Too view categories!')
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
             describe('by "categoryIds: []"', () => {
               it('throws error: "Too view categories!"', async () => {
                 const { errors } = await mutate({
-                  mutation: createGroupMutation,
+                  mutation: createGroupMutation(),
                   variables: { ...variables, categoryIds: [] },
                 })
                 expect(errors[0]).toHaveProperty('message', 'Too view categories!')
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
           describe('four', () => {
             it('throws error: "Too many categories!"', async () => {
               const { errors } = await mutate({
-                mutation: createGroupMutation,
+                mutation: createGroupMutation(),
                 variables: { ...variables, categoryIds: ['cat9', 'cat4', 'cat15', 'cat27'] },
               })
               expect(errors[0]).toHaveProperty('message', 'Too many categories!')
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
           )
           authenticatedUser = await otherUser.toJson()
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'others-group',
               name: 'Uninteresting Group',
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
           })
           authenticatedUser = await ownerOfHiddenGroupUser.toJson()
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'hidden-group',
               name: 'Investigative Journalism Group',
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
             },
           })
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'second-hidden-group',
               name: 'Second Investigative Journalism Group',
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
             },
           })
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'third-hidden-group',
               name: 'Third Investigative Journalism Group',
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
           })
           authenticatedUser = await user.toJson()
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'my-group',
               name: 'The Best Group',
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
           // public-group
           authenticatedUser = await ownerOfClosedGroupUser.toJson()
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'closed-group',
               name: 'Uninteresting Group',
@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
           })
           authenticatedUser = await ownerOfHiddenGroupUser.toJson()
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'hidden-group',
               name: 'Investigative Journalism Group',
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
           })
           authenticatedUser = await user.toJson()
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'public-group',
               name: 'The Best Group',
@@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
           // public-group
           authenticatedUser = await user.toJson()
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'public-group',
               name: 'The Best Group',
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
           // closed-group
           authenticatedUser = await ownerOfClosedGroupUser.toJson()
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'closed-group',
               name: 'Uninteresting Group',
@@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
           // hidden-group
           authenticatedUser = await ownerOfHiddenGroupUser.toJson()
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'hidden-group',
               name: 'Investigative Journalism Group',
@@ -2648,7 +2648,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
           )
           authenticatedUser = await noMemberUser.toJson()
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'others-group',
               name: 'Uninteresting Group',
@@ -2661,7 +2661,7 @@ describe('in mode', () => {
           })
           authenticatedUser = await user.toJson()
           await mutate({
-            mutation: createGroupMutation,
+            mutation: createGroupMutation(),
             variables: {
               id: 'my-group',
               name: 'The Best Group',
diff --git a/webapp/graphql/groups.js b/webapp/graphql/groups.js
index 89e0f9f02..157a6d7dc 100644
--- a/webapp/graphql/groups.js
+++ b/webapp/graphql/groups.js
@@ -2,51 +2,53 @@ import gql from 'graphql-tag'
 
 // ------ mutations
 
-export const createGroupMutation = gql`
-  mutation (
-    $id: ID
-    $name: String!
-    $slug: String
-    $about: String
-    $description: String!
-    $groupType: GroupType!
-    $actionRadius: GroupActionRadius!
-    $categoryIds: [ID]
-    $locationName: String # empty string '' sets it to null
-  ) {
-    CreateGroup(
-      id: $id
-      name: $name
-      slug: $slug
-      about: $about
-      description: $description
-      groupType: $groupType
-      actionRadius: $actionRadius
-      categoryIds: $categoryIds
-      locationName: $locationName
+export const createGroupMutation = () => {
+  return gql`
+    mutation (
+      $id: ID
+      $name: String!
+      $slug: String
+      $about: String
+      $description: String!
+      $groupType: GroupType!
+      $actionRadius: GroupActionRadius!
+      $categoryIds: [ID]
+      $locationName: String # empty string '' sets it to null
     ) {
-      id
-      name
-      slug
-      createdAt
-      updatedAt
-      disabled
-      deleted
-      about
-      description
-      groupType
-      actionRadius
-      categories {
+      CreateGroup(
+        id: $id
+        name: $name
+        slug: $slug
+        about: $about
+        description: $description
+        groupType: $groupType
+        actionRadius: $actionRadius
+        categoryIds: $categoryIds
+        locationName: $locationName
+      ) {
         id
-        slug
         name
-        icon
+        slug
+        createdAt
+        updatedAt
+        disabled
+        deleted
+        about
+        description
+        groupType
+        actionRadius
+        categories {
+          id
+          slug
+          name
+          icon
+        }
+        locationName # test this as result
+        myRole
       }
-      locationName # test this as result
-      myRole
     }
-  }
-`
+  `
+}
 
 export const updateGroupMutation = gql`
   mutation (