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8427059
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# Manet: Inventor of the Modern, Muse d'Orsay, Paris, review
## Manet's wit, modernity and mischief make this major new show a treat, says
Richard Dorment Rating: * * * *
560
315
TelegraphPlayer-8427374
[![][1]][2]
By [Richard Dorment][3] 5:48PM BST 04 Apr 2011
[Comments][4]
Money can't buy success, but for an artist it can buy the next best thing -
time. And money is what a surprising number of impressionist and post-
impressionist painters had a lot of. Manet, Morisot, Caillbotte, Degas and
Mary Cassatt came from prosperous upper-middle-class families; Toulouse
Lautrec was an aristocrat and Cezanne's father nouveau riche. All had private
incomes that enabled them to defy popular taste without the fear of failure or
need to sell their work. What this meant in practice becomes clear as you walk
through Manet: Inventor of the Modern, which opens today at the Musee d'Orsay
in Paris.
Manet was the silkiest of men about town. Impeccably groomed and dressed, he's
the incarnation of Baudelaire's observer of the urban scene, the flaneur. For
though a dedicated professional who sought critical validation and public
recognition, there is also something emotionally detached about Manet, his
aloof personality reflected in pictures that are by turns amused, disarming,
worldly and cynical.
The contradictions pile up. His many years of training in the atelier of
Thomas Couture left him with nothing but contempt for his master's academic
technique, and yet the only success he deemed worth having was at the Salon.
Manet sought public recognition as a painter of ambitious historical and
mythological subjects - but only if he could paint them on his own terms. And
that meant making them look as fresh as a headline in the morning newspaper.
This is the place to say that one of the constants of his art is his ability
to make ordinary things beautiful simply by the way he painted them. Manet
could turn a pile of discarded clothing, a stalk of asparagus or a few fish
into a work of art that sends a shiver down your spine.
Both his immersion in the history of art and his mockery of its conventions
are evident from the start of the show. In his Dejeuner sur l'herbe, he sends
up the Arcadian idylls of Giorgione and Titian, replacing their chaste nudes,
lute players and river gods with two dissolute art students, a stark naked
model and - what was even more outrageous - a second young woman in the
background obviously freshening up before some alfresco sex.
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As though determined to tell us what was really going on in those Renaissance
pictures, a year later he painted one of the most unforgettable images of the
19th century. Olympia, too, parodies the old masters.
Whereas the shapely hand of Titian's Venus of Urbino appears to rest by mere
chance over her sex, that of Manet's tough little courtesan presses down hard
on the same spot with her open palm, as if to say, "pay my price and it's all
yours". Not "I", notice; "it".
All this implies a new and more active relationship between the subject and
the viewer. Titian's goddess feigns indifference to our presence whereas
Olympia sizes us up, takes our measure. One is immortal, beyond human reach;
the other could be booked after a good lunch at the Jockey Club. In Manet's
work, the immediacy of the moment is underscored by the painting technique.
Abandoning the academic practice of applying layers of paint and translucent
glazes over a dark brown ground, he paints "alla prima" (in one layer) over a
white ground, working quickly and without blending his strong colours. To his
contemporaries, his pictures simply looked unfinished.
Having dealt with mythology, he next turned his attention to religious
painting. What is still startling about his Dead Christ with Angels is not the
bloodless corpse, but the two angels so obviously painted from the same studio
model wearing the same fake wings. Manet is here treading on dangerous ground
by introducing a note of religious scepticism. And yet he was no more
parodying religious belief in his religious paintings than in Olympia he was
being censorious about prostitution. He's telling his viewers what they
already know - that a picture is an artificial construction painted from
models in a studio. It is not to be confused with the supernatural.
As must be obvious by now, in the 1860s Manet was consciously tackling in turn
each of the conventional hierarchies into which academic theorists had divided
art since the 17th century. Once he'd finished with myth and religion, he
moved on to Dutch seascapes and naval battles. With his usual intelligence, he
waited until the right subject came along, and then seized his chance to paint
it. It happened in June 1864. The Battle of the Kearsarge and the Alabama
depicts an incident in the American Civil War when a Union ironclad sank a
southern raider off the coast of France.
Working in his Paris studio from newspaper clippings and photos, Manet ignores
the conventions of painting battles at sea. By raising the horizon line to the
top of the canvas, he creates a more or less flat field of colour, a choppy
sea of deep aquamarine, black and white over which to deploy his ships and
figures. We viewers stand slightly above the scene looking down - just like
the local people who watched the skirmish from a cliff-top outside Cherbourg.
Like them, we are plunged into the middle of the action. One of the most
modern things about the picture is that we have to struggle to make out what
is happening amid the smoke and confusion of battle. This ambiguity or
uncertainty about what we are seeing is at the heart of the modern experience
Manet tries to capture in his art.
Though he never exhibited with the Impressionists, by the late 1870s their
influence is increasingly evident in his work. His palette lightens and
brightens, his brushwork becomes more feathery, and he turns his attention to
the subject of Parisians having fun.
Among these late paintings my favourite is the deliciously witty Chez le pere
Lathuille, which shows an elegant lady of a certain age just finishing a
lonely luncheon on the terrace of an expensive restaurant.Unexpectedly, a much
younger man has come over to her table. She does not ask him to sit down, so
he crouches at her feet, looking up at her with the eyes of an adoring spaniel
while fingering the stem her glass of champagne and draping one arm around the
back of her chair. With his intrusive manners, his slicked-down hair,
moustache, sideburns and open collar he may be a student or more probably a
gigolo - but he is certainly no gentleman.
Look at how much fun Manet has with their body language. As the young man
rudely invades her personal space, the respectable lady's back stiffens in
disapproval. And yet look closely and you'll see that she has lowered her eyes
and pursed her lips, embarrassed but also flattered by his attentions. Behind
them, an old waiter waits discretely with the coffee pot. He will not
interrupt the pair until the woman has sent the boy away, or has agreed to the
assignation he is seeking.
Though I thoroughly enjoyed Manet: Inventor of the Modern, anyone who goes to
Paris to see it should be aware that it is nothing like as comprehensive as
the artist's last major retrospective in 1982. The exclusion of the Woman with
a Parrot, Bar at the Folies Bergere, Boating, Masked Ball at the Opera, In the
Conservatory and many other major pictures is keenly felt, while the presence
of works by Fantin, Boldini, Couture and Morisot looks like padding. But I
don't want to end on a sour note. It's still a hugely enjoyable show and there
is going to be a public stampede to see it, so book well in advance, and try
to get there late in the day when the crowds are thinning out.
_Until July 3. www.musee-orsay.fr (Sponsored by Bank of America). _
_Telegraph Travel offers a three-night trip to Paris including tickets for the
Manet exhibition, operated by Riviera Travel from £319pp. Includes return
Eurostar travel, regional rail for selected dates, (supplements applicable for
some stations), three nights at an Ibis hotel, sightseeing tours and
transfers. Call 0844 8730 746 or visit telegraph.co.uk/parismanet _
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