2013-04-16 10:05:26 +02:00

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# Save fuel with Ford's EcoBoost
## In the past, if you wanted to save fuel you bought a diesel engine and
stayed in the slow lane, but all that is changing. Andrew English looks at
Ford's EcoBoost range of engines in the new Mondeo, which can provide diesel
fuel economy with more power and big tax savings.
![The parts that go into Ford's new EcoBoost V6 engine. ][1]
Image 1 of 2
The parts that go into Ford's new EcoBoost V6 engine. Photo: 2008 Ford Motor
Company
![The Ford Mondeo 2.0 EcoBoost. ][2]
Image 1 of 2
The Ford Mondeo 2.0 EcoBoost.
4:01PM GMT 16 Dec 2010
Wait for it, wait for it… Annnd now! Cue an explosion of engine revs and
wheelspin with the steering wheel fighting your hands as the car attempts to
drive itself off the road.
These were the characteristics of the earliest turbocharged cars -- bad-
tempered monsters with enough explosive power to put you in harm's way,
chiming into a band of revs no wider than a Chinaman's beard with turbo-lag
delaying throttle response you could time with an egg timer.
BMW's 2002 Turbo, Renault's 5 GT turbo, or Rover's 220 Tomcat coupe typified
the fizzing power and glamour of an Eighties turbo model; scary on boost,
sleepy off it, with a prodigious thirst all of the time.
So why on earth have we gone back to this seemingly self-destructive
technology with the newest Ford EcoBoost engines fitted to the new Mondeo? The
answer, as Andrew Fraser, gasoline powertrain director of Ford of Europe
explains, is to do with the way diesel engines have advanced the science of
turbo design in the past 20 years.
"There has been a huge investment in turbo technology," he says, "particularly
in materials and technology." So forget the big, heavy exhaust-gas-driven
compressors of old and think modern, small and very hi-tech. Where the old
turbo had to withstand massive heat, old-fashioned lubricants, primitive fuel
injection and engine timing control as well as mechanical waste gates that
noisily vented excess pressure and bouts of excess fuelling to cool the
vulnerable combustion chambers, a modern turbo is an altogether different
beast.
"For a start a modern turbo spins much faster," says Fraser. "An Eighties
turbo would spin at about 70,000rpm to 80,000rpm, where the turbo in an
EcoBoost engine will turn at 200,000rpm, so a smaller turbo can do a lot more
pumping and has a better response. It will also run much hotter, with water-
cooled bearings so we don't need to inject fuel to cool the engine."
Ford designs its engines to last more than 150,000 miles in the hands of the
95th percentile poorest driver and that includes the turbocharger. That's a
lot of misuse, ranging from habitual revving hard after cold starts, to hours
of idling.
The longevity of the modern turbocharger is a testament to Ford's meticulous
testing. But EcoBoost is much more than just a clever turbo. Other advances in
engine technology have allowed Ford's engineers to exploit the advantages of
forced induction and give this new range of smaller and more efficient petrol
engines the torque and fuel economy to rival a diesel.
Fraser explains: "It's like a three-legged stool," he says. "There's the
turbo, then there's direct fuel injection and twin variable camshaft timing,
which allow us to run the engine more efficiently." By injecting the engine's
fuel directly into the combustion chambers (as with a diesel engine), Ford's
engineers are able to precisely control the amount and timing of fuelling as
well as the spray pattern, so that not a drop is wasted. "It also helps with
cooling," adds Fraser, "as we can spray fuel directly into the chamber and
lower the temperature."
Precise control of the spark ignition and twin knock (or detonation) sensors
means the engine is able to run a higher compression ratio, which reduces the
gap between on-boost and off-boost efficiency. "We run the engine closer to
its boundaries," says Fraser.
Lastly, by continually adjusting the valve timing, the engine can be made more
efficient and powerful in part-throttle operation, which used to be a major
bugbear with old turbo technology. "We also overlap the valve operation, which
effectively blows cool air through the cylinders to help clear out the exhaust
gases on each stroke and keep the turbo spinning to reduce turbo lag to
between 1.2 and 1.5 seconds," says Fraser.
EcoBoost technology is also scaleable and Ford currently uses it in a
3.5-litre V6 engine in the USA as well as the 1.6- and 2.0-litre four cylinder
engines in the new Mondeo and forthcoming Focus models. There's also a new
1.0-litre, threecylinder EcoBoost engine which will be unveiled next year.
But why have we revived the petrol engine when diesel technology is already a
proven route to fuel-saving? The main answer lies in cost. Diesels are
inherently more expensive. Their greater cylinder pressures demand heavier and
more complex cylinder blocks and their common-rail fuel injection systems need
expensive high-pressure fuel pumps. They also emit more pollutants
(particularly oxides of nitrogen and particulates) than their petrol
equivalents. Current and forthcoming emissions requirements will see diesels
getting even more expensive exhaust treatments to clean them up.
"That's why we are choosing to launch EcoBoost at this time," says Fraser.
"Under the next level of EU standards, a 1.6-litre EcoBoost petrol engine will
cost about £1,000 less than the equivalent turbodiesel."
A diesel engine's greater thermal efficiency will mean it will always hold the
ultimate fuel economy advantage and for very high mileage users that will be a
consideration, but at the margins, EcoBoost has allowed petrol to close the
gap. "You'll have to do an awful lot of miles in a year to pay back the extra
£1,000 diesel cost," says Fraser.
For the public, EcoBoost economy means lower fuel bills and reduced Vehicle
Excise Duty, which has become a major consideration for private buyers.
So how big can EcoBoost become? "We used to sell about half and half diesel to
petrol in Europe," says Fraser, "but our projection is that the diesel take-up
will shrink as costs increase. Eventually we think EcoBoost will take about a
third of our sales, with diesel and ordinary petrol engines taking a third
each."
Perhaps we'd better revise our definition of "ordinary" petrol engines. In
future, EcoBoost might be the extraordinary "ordinary" engine of our times.
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